Method of making headed fastener



Sept. 9, 1952 H. F. PHiPARD, JR 'Y METHOD OF MAKING HEADED FASTENER Filed June 28, 1949 1A ai .mNrlml Z Patented Sept. 9, i952 South Dartmouth, Mass., Engineering & Manufac- Harvey F. Phipard, Jr., assignor toV Research turing, Inc., New Bedford, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts 'aepiieatiaruiiega1949, seriaiNo. 101,810` y Y u My present invention is anovel and improved Y method of manufacturing a headedfastener with a collar, washer, plate, orf-the like interlocked therewith. f l

Heretofore it has been customary to unite a header dies for the rst heading operation fto t snugly over the end portion `of the" blank and, thereupon, toV eiect a preliminary hammering, swaging, or heading action which will spread the f metal intermediate the end portion from which headed fastener, bolt, rivet, screw or the like by the head is to be formed, and force thev metal forming a head thereon in a heading operation, from the blank into a flange-like position adjaand thereafter fitting a washer orcollar over the cent thecollar or washer which hasrbeen placed shank of the fastenen and subsequently securonto the blank; whereupon the successive heading the collar by a separate operation; and tliereing action swages the metal on top of the washer after completing the fastener by pointing and and interlocks and'entraps the same between the rolling or otherwise forming the `threaded p-art on rst flange-like spreaded part and the finished the shank and,` if desired, trimming the collar, headed operation, asl Will be further explained. washer or plate; Y Referring to the drawings illustrating a pre- This prior method required repeated handling, ferred embodiment of the present invention: inspection of the fasteners to see that the washer Fig. 1 is a side view of my improved headed vwas threaded onto the shank, and that same was blank and washer; secured by the subsequent operation. Fig. 2 is av corresponding View withthe head In my present invention, I have eliminated the and washer shown in cross-section; difficulties above brieiiy outlined and have del2o Fie., 3 illustrates the further Operation'fof t vised a novel method of so uniting and interlockthreading the. blank Where a threaded Shank iS ing the collar and the blank from which the fastdesired; ener is to be made as to effectively interlock and Fig. 4 is a corresponding View With thhed entrap the metal both of the Washer and fastener and Washer also in cross-section; by the sin le operation of forming the head there- Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the fitting Of on, the blank in one of the dies with the washer as- In carrying out my invention, I inst provide a sembled thereon, also in cross-section: f blank from stock having a shank, and I provide Fig. 6 is a corresponding view illustratingQthe a Washer, collar, plate, or the like formedwith a irst heading action wherein opposite end lJOltiOnS central opening of slightly greater diameter than `of the blank are tted in corresponding dies,"and that of the shank of the blank so that the same the heading action spreads the intermediate will Vslide freely onthe shank during the first `ange-like element from the blank against which heading action. Thereupon, I assemble the washthe washer is subsequently forced by thel succeeder on the shank where it is loosely held between ing heading action, which `is illustrated ii'i,F1'g.v 7, a lower clamping die and an upper heading die. also in cross-section. n -f i `The first heading operation acts to spread the Referring to the drawings, the completed blank, material in the shank of the blank slightly, leavfastener, rivet, or the like comprises the shank l, ing the washer free and unattached; and therehead 2, and collar or washer 3;.,and, Where deupon a second heading operation effects the comsired, a threaded shank 5 is subsequently. rolled pletion of the formation of the head on the end 40 O1 formed theieOh.- f of the blank and simultaneously entraps or in- The metal of the headedy portion is shown as terlocks the metal of the Washer with the forinterlocked or entrapped around the inner diammation of the head, this action forcing the metal eter of the washer and the exterior of the head, of both head and washer to iiow together into a as illustrated in Figs, 2, 4, and 7, with the firstrigid, rm, interlocking and dovetailed union. formed flange l against which the Washer 3 is If desirable, a series of successive heading opforced, flowing the metal around the interior dierations can be performed, particularly kWhere ameter of the washer as illustrated at l2, exheavy stock is utilized, but ordinarily a prelimitending over the flange l0 and engaged and-overnar'y heading and a subsequent completing and Y lapped by the flow of metal, as indicated at l 5, in heading action are sucient, the final formation ofthe head 2. This inter- My invention also contemplates the provision locking or entrapping of the metal under presof a novel form of heading dies to carry out this sure of the heading action insures' a rm, rigid operation which unites the washer or collar durunion between the washer and the head, all of ing the formation of the head on the fastener. which is aiected by the heading action. For this purpose I so construct and arrange the These heading actions involve the steps as 3 i Ashown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7, wherein the blank 25 is tted in a tubular die 20, which may be removably secured in a base or frame of the heading machine 2| thru which a plunger 22 is adapted to slide and Contact with the end portion of the shank I. The shank I is tted in the die 20, which has asnug or sliding fit for the shank portion l of the blank 25 in the recess 24 of the die 2D; and thereupon the washer 3 is placed on the opposite end of the blank 25, the inner diameter of the washer being slightly greater than that of the shank 25, as indicated at 4. Thereupon the heading die 26, which is providedfwith a central recess as shown at 21, also of substantially the same or snug-fitting diameter'as the end of the' blank 25 which projects from the die 20.

The rst heading action now is performed by the relative movement of the die 26 and plunger 22, which effects compression from the opposite.

ends of the blank 25, producing a spreading or ange-like flowing of metal from the'blank 25, as-indicrated` at |l. 5

Thereupon, the heading die 394 is brought into position, having a recess 3lA of suitableform to complete the heading action and'force the metal from the end. of the blank 25. into intimate interlocking with the rimof the-washer 3, which has been forcedv down over the. flange-like-flow of metal lilV previously formed, thus completing the head- 2.

This die 3), may be for-med with any desired contour inthe end toerigage the blank and force it into shape, as by making' the same` round, square, hexagonal,.or ofY other suitable contour corresponding to that of theY die.

These heading operations would ordinarily be formed With the blank and header in horizontal alignment so that upon sliding the washer 3 `over that part of the blank 25 which projects from the die 29, the Washer will' stay in positionwhil'e the first heading action upon the extreme ends of the blank 25 is performed, which thus. flows the metal into the flange lli. The recessesA 2li in each die 2B and 21 in the die 2E, which firmly engage the circumference of the. blank, prevent the same from being swaged outwardly and insure the flowing ofthe metal into the flangelike element l0, while the Washer 3 iststill threaded in position.

Thus, thesecond heading action which forms the head2-,will flow the metal' from the' Washer in and around theflange-like element` iiiA and interlockingwith the same, as indicatedl at" l5. The plunger 2-2 ma-yfbe positioned to-yieldfs-lightly during the first heading action, Which-thus facilitates the ow of metal ldintoithe Vflange- CII like `form during the swaging action of 'the die 26; whereupon the subsequent heading vaction as indicated in Fig. 7 would ordinarily beeffected with the plunger 22 in rigid position to that of the header 38.

Thus, I `provide a irm,V strong .union or interlocking ofthe collar orV washer directly. into and with the headv of the fastener, all: effectuated by theV simple heading action, thus greatly simplyf-ying the securing of a Washer or headed fastener together, while insuring; a strong, firm union. Y

While prefer to form the spreaded portion or flange-like massv of metal IU byk apreliminary compressing action, IY may, if desired, form such a iiange in advance of the assembling of the Washer on the blank. In either event, the washer and blank are in juxta-position adjacent the heading end with a blank between the metal l0 and the heading die.

It will thus be appreciated that I have devised a new method utilizing novel types of dies and resultingy inthe formation of a new and novel type of headed fastener united or combined with a collar, Washer, or the like wherein the material of the collar constitutes a part and parcel of the material in the head of the fastener. Thus, the metall or other material from which the fastener is formed, together with the material' of the Washer, are intimately embedded and interlocked: together into a firm, solid, unitary structure and all affected by the swaging or heading operation to form the head itself on the fastener.

I believe that my method wherein the collar,

Washer or the like is assembled in a blank in advance of the head-forming action and then united therewith, as distinguished from prior methods of first forming the head and then assembling and securing the washer tothe shank of the fastener, is a distinct novelty in' thisv art, and Lwish to `claim the same herein: broadly. I also believe that the'v operation of having a. washer or the like element` surrounding the blank to be headed; and thereupon effecting the heading by including af part of the surrounding element into intimate interlocking relation with the material of the blank, is adistinct novelty and that the article made thereby'producingY a rigid' unitary homogenous head and collar union is distinctly new, valuable, and animportant discovery in this particular art.

- claim:

The improved process of forming a headed fastener by kinterlocking a stem and Washer by successive cold-heading operations, which consists inI assembling a washer over a' stemv adjacent one end, said Washer having a central opening ofv greater diameter than that of the stem tov permit the washer to'slide on the stem during thefirst heading operation, holding said stem in a die, effecting a rst heading action on the stem to flow a rim-like iiange from said stem' around the top surface of the die Ibetween the Washer and the adjacent end of the stem, and thereupon performing a succeedingv coldheadingi operation, forcing saidV washerV overi said rim into the saineY plane flush' with the lower surfaceof the washer, and' simultaneously headingy the adjacent end portion of' the stem over the washer-by said-succeeding cold-heading ac'- tion, wherebyl saidv washer andv stemv areinterlocked; by the'now ofV metal from the stem both belovi1 and above said'washer. f

, HARVEY F; PH1PARQ; JR;

nsrsnnncnsf crrED The following references are; of record ini the file ofthis patent: Y

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 92,973 Miles 1 .Oct. 13; 1868 253,494 Babcock Feb. 14,1882 362,274 Hall Mayv 3, 1887 469,261 MoranA Feb; 23, 1892 1,382,052 Brreli June'2l', 1921 2,403,402 Rossi July 2', 1946 

